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Endnotes

1. Novid Parsi, “Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Gets Innovative,” Society for Human Resource Management, January 16, 2017. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0217/pages/disrupting-diversity-in-the-workplace.aspx.
2. Novid Parsi, “Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Gets Innovative,” Society for Human Resource Management, January 16, 2017. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0217/pages/disrupting-diversity-in-the-workplace.aspx.
3. Novid Parsi, “Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Gets Innovative,” Society for Human Resource Management, January 16, 2017. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0217/pages/disrupting-diversity-in-the-workplace.aspx.
4. Novid Parsi, “Workplace Diversity and Inclusion Gets Innovative,” Society for Human Resource Management, January 16, 2017. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0217/pages/disrupting-diversity-in-the-workplace.aspx.
5. “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. Household Data Annual Averages. 2. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population 16 Years and Over by Sex, 1977 to date,” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat02.htm (accessed July 22, 2018).
6. “Indicators (2013),” U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/employment/jobpat-eeo1/2013_indicators.cfm (accessed January 10, 2018).
7. Google, https://diversity.google/annual-report/# (accessed July 10, 2018).
8. “Diversity in High Tech,” U.S. EEOC. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/reports/hightech/ (accessed January 12, 2018).
9. Lisa Eadicicco, “Google’s Diversity Efforts Still Have a Long Way to Go,” Time, July 1, 2016. http://time.com/4391031/google-diversity-statistics-2016/.
10. Pubali Neogy, “Diversity in Workplace Can Be a Game Changer,” Yahoo India Finance, June 18, 2018. Neogy states that greater diversity in the workplace fosters “creativity and innovation,” “opens global opportunities” for the firm, “fosters adaptability and better working culture,” and generally “improves companies’ bottom lines.” https://in.finance.yahoo.com/news/diversity-workplace-can-game-changer-heres-183319670.html.
11. Vivian Hunt, Dennis Layton, and Sara Prince, “Why Diversity Matters,” McKinsey & Company, January 2015. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/why-diversity-matters.
12. Marcus Noland, Tyler Moran, and Barbara Kotschwar, “Is Gender Diversity Profitable? Evidence from a Global Survey,” Working Paper 16-3, Peterson Institute for International Economics, February 2016. https://piie.com/publications/working-papers/gender-diversity-profitable-evidence-global-survey.
13. Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Contentious Memo Strikes Nerve inside Google and Out,” New York Times, August 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/technology/google-engineer-fired-gender-memo.html.
14. Bill Chappell and Laura Sydell, “Google Reportedly Fires Employee Who Slammed Diversity Efforts,” National Public Radio, August 7, 2017. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/07/542020041/google-grapples-with-fallout-after-employee-slams-diversity-efforts.
15. Sara Ashley O’Brien, “Engineers Sue Google for Allegedly Discriminating against White Men and Conservatives,” CNN/Money, January 8, 2018. http://money.cnn.com/2018/01/08/technology/james-damore-google-lawsuit/index.html.
16. Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Legally Fired Diversity Memo Author, Labor Agency Says,” New York Times, February 16, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/business/google-memo-firing.html.
17. Michael Bush and Kim Peters, “How the Best Companies Do Diversity Right,” Fortune, December 5, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/12/05/diversity-inclusion-workplaces/.
18. Michael Bush and Kim Peters, “How the Best Companies Do Diversity Right,” Fortune, December 5, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/12/05/diversity-inclusion-workplaces/.
19. “Titles I and V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA),” US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Approved July 26, 1990. https:www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/ada.cfm.
20. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Pub. L. 101-336.104 Stat. 328. (July 26, 1990).
21. Welsh v. United States, 398 U.S. 333, 90 S. Ct. 1792, 26 L. Ed. 2d 308; 29 CFR § 1605.1 (1970).
22. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, “Supreme Court Rules in Favor of EEOC in Abercrombie Religious Discrimination Case,” U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, June 1, 2015. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/6-1-15.cfm.
23. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, “Supreme Court Rules in Favor of EEOC in Abercrombie Religious Discrimination Case,” U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, June 1, 2015. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/6-1-15.cfm.
24. United States v. Windsor, 570, U.S. 744 (2013); Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015).
25. John N. Roberts and Cristian A. Landa, “Return on Equality™, the Real ROE: The Shareholder Case for LGBT Workplace Equality,” Denver Investments, June 2015.
26. Jon Schuppe, “Corporate Boycotts Become Key Weapon in Gay Rights Fight,” NBC News, March 26, 2016. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/corporate-boycotts-become-key-weapon-gay-rights-fight-n545721.
27. United States of America v. State of North Carolina et al., Amicus Curiae Brief by 68 Companies Opposed to H.B. 2 and in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Case No. 1:16-cv-00425 (TDSJEP), July 8, 2016. http://ftpcontent4.worldnow.com/wbtv/pdf/Legal-brief-filed-by-68-businesses-opposing-HB2.pdf.
28. Gretel Kauffman, “Record Number of Corporations Earn Perfect Score for LGBTQ-Friendly Policies,” Christian Science Monitor, December 6, 2016. https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2016/1206/Record-number-of-corporations-earn-perfect-score-for-LGBT-friendly-policies.
29. Emmanuel Saez, “Income and Wealth Inequality: Evidence and Policy Implications,” Contemporary Economic Policy, 35, no. 1 (2017): 7–25.
30. Rachel Butt, “America’s Shrinking Middle Class Is Killing the Economy,” Business Insider, June 28, 2016. http://www.businessinsider.com/americas-shrinking-middle-class-hurts-economy-2016-6.
31. Rachel Butt, “America’s Shrinking Middle Class Is Killing the Economy,” Business Insider, June 28, 2016. http://www.businessinsider.com/americas-shrinking-middle-class-hurts-economy-2016-6.
32. Robert Reich, “Business Leaders Worry about Shrinking Middle Class,” SF Gate, June 27, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/reich/article/Business-leaders-worry-about-shrinking-middle-5585515.php.
33. Robert Reich, “Business Leaders Worry about Shrinking Middle Class,” SF Gate, June 27, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/reich/article/Business-leaders-worry-about-shrinking-middle-5585515.php.
34. Robert Reich, “Business Leaders Worry about Shrinking Middle Class,” SF Gate, June 27, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/reich/article/Business-leaders-worry-about-shrinking-middle-5585515.php.
35. Jed Graham, “American’s Paychecks Just Got a Lot Fatter, New Tax Data Show,” Investor’s Business Daily, January 4, 2018. https://www.investors.com/news/economy/americans-paychecks-just-got-a-lot-fatter-new-tax-data-show/.
36. Ross Eisenbray, “Businesses Agree—It’s Time to Raise the Minimum Wage,” Economic Policy Institute, October 20, 2014. http://www.epi.org/blog/businesses-agree-time-raise-minimum-wage/.
37. Ross Eisenbray, “Businesses Agree—It’s Time to Raise the Minimum Wage,” Economic Policy Institute, October 20, 2014. http://www.epi.org/blog/businesses-agree-time-raise-minimum-wage/.
38. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employer Costs for Employee Compensation – September 2017,” U.S. Department of Labor, June 8, 2017. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ecec.pdf.
39. David Neumark and William L. Wascher, Minimum Wages. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008), 290. See particularly their conclusion, pp. 285–295.
40. Sonali Jain-Chandra, “Why Gender and Income Inequality Are Linked,” World Economic Forum, October 27, 2015. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/why-gender-and-income-inequality-are-linked/.
41. Kevin Miller, “The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap,” American Association of University Women. https://www.aauw.org/research/the-simple-truth-about-the-gender-pay-gap/ (accessed July 22, 2018).
42. Bryce Covert, “New Jersey’s Equal Pay Law Is the New Gold Standard,” Huffington Post, April 4, 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/opinion-covert-equal-pay-day-new-jersey_us_5acbc59be4b0337ad1ead22d.
43. “Animals in Science/Alternatives,” NEAVS. https://www.neavs.org/alternatives/in-testing
44. Stephen Latham, “U.S. Law and Animal Experimentation: A Critical Primer,” The Hastings Center, 2012. http://animalresearch.thehastingscenter.org/report/u-s-law-and-animal-experimentation-a-critical-primer/.
45. Lauren Choplin, “Habeas Corpus Experts Offer Support for Chimpanzee Rights Cases,” Nonhuman Rights Project, March 8, 2018. https://www.nonhumanrights.org/blog/habeas-corpus-experts/.
46. “Fact Sheet: Cosmetic Testing,” The Humane Society of the United States. http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/cosmetic_testing/qa/questions_answers.html?refer
47. “The Mission,” Rescue and Freedom Project. http://bfp.org/about-bfp/ (accessed January 5, 2018).
48. Wendy Newell, “The Beagle Freedom Project Gives Retired Lab Dogs Forever Homes,” Dogster, January 16, 2015. https://www.dogster.com/lifestyle/beagle-freedom-project-lab-animal-testing.
49. “Animals in Science/Alternatives,” New England Anti-Vivisection Society, 2018. https://www.neavs.org/alternatives/in-testing (accessed January 9, 2018).
50. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, searchable database. https://features.peta.org/cruelty-free-company-search/index.aspx (accessed June 1, 2018).
51. “Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics,” American Pet Products Association, 2017. http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp (accessed January 9, 2018).
52.Jenna Goudreau, “The Pet Culture,” Forbes, October 15, 2009. https://www.forbes.com/2009/10/15/pets-dogs-cats-forbes-woman-time-children.

 

 

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